{"id":26453,"date":"2025-08-21T09:45:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T02:45:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/?p=26453"},"modified":"2025-08-21T09:45:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T02:45:22","slug":"llm-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\"><div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">N\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh<\/p><span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#1_LLM_la_gi\" >1. LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#2_Mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\" >2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#3_Cac_thanh_phan_co_ban_cua_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon\" >3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#4_Cac_mo_hinh_LLM_noi_bat_hien_nay\" >4. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#41_GPT_series_OpenAI\" >4.1 GPT series (OpenAI)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#42_Claude_Anthropic\" >4.2 Claude (Anthropic)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#43_Gemini_Google_DeepMind\" >4.3 Gemini (Google DeepMind)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#44_LLaMA_Meta\" >4.4 LLaMA (Meta)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#45_Mistral_Falcon_BLOOM\" >4.5 Mistral, Falcon, BLOOM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#5_Ung_dung_cua_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon_LLM\" >5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#6_Xu_huong_tuong_lai_cua_AI_va_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon\" >6. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a AI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#61_Cac_doi_moi_cong_nghe\" >6.1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#62_Thach_thuc_va_co_hoi_trong_tuong_lai\" >6.2. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#63_Du_bao_phat_trien_cua_LLM\" >6.3. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a LLM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#7_Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_LLM\" >7. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 LLM<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#71_LLM_khac_gi_so_voi_cac_mo_hinh_AI_truyen_thong\" >7.1 LLM kh\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#72_Su_dung_LLM_co_ton_kem_khong\" >7.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LLM c\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#73_Lam_the_nao_de_dam_bao_LLM_dua_ra_thong_tin_chinh_xac\" >7.3 L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o LLM \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#74_Co_rui_ro_bao_mat_khi_dung_LLM_khong\" >7.4 C\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt khi d\u00f9ng LLM kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/llm-la-gi\/#75_Hoc_LLM_co_kho_khong_Ai_can_hoc_ve_LLM\" >7.5 H\u1ecdc LLM c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Ai c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 LLM?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><p><strong>LLM l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, kinh doanh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><p><iframe style=\"position: relative; top: 0px; border: none;\" title=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\" src=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/demo\" width=\"100%\" height=\"320\"><\/iframe><\/p><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_LLM_la_gi\"><\/span>1. LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Large Language Model (LLM) hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/ai\/\">tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/a> (AI) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c LLM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/ai\/deep-learning\/\">h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u<\/a> (deep learning), ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Transformer v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf self-attention \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eeb trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i.<\/p><p>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o, trang web v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c, LLM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u201cd\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, LLM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung, vi\u1ebft code hay tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_26482\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26482\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26482\" src=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/LLM-la-gi-1.webp\" alt=\"LLM l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\" width=\"768\" height=\"481\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/LLM-la-gi-1.webp 768w, https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/LLM-la-gi-1-300x188.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LLM l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon_hoat_dong_nhu_the_nao\"><\/span>2. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1ch LLM ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/p><p>\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1edd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vector \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 word embedding. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t vector trong kh\u00f4ng gian nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh g\u1ea7n nhau s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n nhau trong kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3.<\/p><p>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng word embedding, b\u1ed9 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (encoder) s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb, vai tr\u00f2 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e2u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 (decoder) s\u1ebd t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u201cki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_26483\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26483\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26483\" src=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/llm-hoat-dong-nhu-the-naowebp.webp\" alt=\"LLM l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\" width=\"768\" height=\"511\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/llm-hoat-dong-nhu-the-naowebp.webp 768w, https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/llm-hoat-dong-nhu-the-naowebp-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26483\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LLM l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Cac_thanh_phan_co_ban_cua_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon\"><\/span>3. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron (neural network), trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul><li>L\u1edbp embedding: Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c vector s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp feedforward (FFN): G\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i embedding th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp recurrent: X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u1eeb theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n.<\/li><li>L\u1edbp attention: Gi\u00fap m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. V\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y, LLM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1eebng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li><\/ul><p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u00ean, LLM th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p><ul><li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (generic\/raw): D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li><li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn (instruction-tuned): \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, vi\u1ebft v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay sinh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li><li>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i (dialog-tuned): T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/chatbot-la-gi\/\">chatbot<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/tro-ly-ao-la-gi\/\">tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u1ea3o<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><figure id=\"attachment_26484\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26484\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26484\" src=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cac-thanh-phan-co-ban-cua-llm.webp\" alt=\"LLM g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\" width=\"768\" height=\"481\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cac-thanh-phan-co-ban-cua-llm.webp 768w, https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cac-thanh-phan-co-ban-cua-llm-300x188.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26484\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LLM g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ea1ng n\u01a1-ron ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Cac_mo_hinh_LLM_noi_bat_hien_nay\"><\/span>4. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n nay<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_GPT_series_OpenAI\"><\/span>4.1 GPT series (OpenAI)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>D\u00f2ng GPT c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/openai\/\">OpenAI<\/a>, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 GPT-3, GPT-4 v\u00e0 GPT-5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, GPT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng sau <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/openai\/chatgpt\/\">ChatGPT<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, kinh doanh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Claude_Anthropic\"><\/span>4.2 Claude (Anthropic)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chia-se\/claude-ai-la-gi\/\">Claude<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh LLM do Anthropic ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/ai\/dao-duc-trach-nhiem-su-dung-ai\/\">\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI<\/a>. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u201c\u1ea3o gi\u00e1c\u201d (hallucination) v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i d\u00e0i, logic. Claude th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u1ea3o, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_Gemini_Google_DeepMind\"><\/span>4.3 Gemini (Google DeepMind)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/google\/gemini\/\">Gemini<\/a> l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 LLM m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/google\/google-deepmind\/\">Google DeepMind<\/a>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb Bard v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/google\/google-search\/\">Google Search<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Gemini l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 video. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, Gemini m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng minh, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44_LLaMA_Meta\"><\/span>4.4 LLaMA (Meta)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf do Meta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n LLaMA 2 v\u00e0 LLaMA 3. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c LLM th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. LLaMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng AI t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI m\u1edf.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"45_Mistral_Falcon_BLOOM\"><\/span>4.5 Mistral, Falcon, BLOOM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u201c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d, nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf nh\u01b0 Mistral, Falcon hay BLOOM c\u0169ng \u0111ang thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. C\u00e1c LLM n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1edd c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng AI b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Ung_dung_cua_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon_LLM\"><\/span>5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn (LLM)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chuyen-van-ban-thanh-giong-noi\/linh-vuc\/y-te\/\">y t\u1ebf<\/a> cho \u0111\u1ebfn kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/ai\/xu-ly-ngon-ngu-tu-nhien-nlp\/\">x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/a> \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, LLM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p><ul><li>T\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng: Sinh ra v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft marketing, b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn, n\u1ed9i dung blog, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft tin t\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/li><li>D\u1ecbch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ecbch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, gi\u00fap x\u00f3a b\u1ecf r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong giao ti\u1ebfp, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 website.<\/li><li>Chatbot v\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u1ea3o: Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ean di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, trang h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00f4ng tin, n\u00e2ng cao tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2013m\u00e1y.<\/li><li>X\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (NLP): T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/ai\/machine-learning\/\">machine learning<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tin t\u1ee9c, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0 r\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng minh.<\/li><li>Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: T\u1ea1o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ec1 thi, b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecdc sinh \u2013 sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/li><li>Y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y h\u1ecdc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh \u00e1n, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin tham kh\u1ea3o cho b\u00e1c s\u0129.<\/li><li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o app ho\u1eb7c game \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li><li>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><figure id=\"attachment_26485\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26485\" style=\"width: 768px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26485\" src=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ung-dung-cua-mo-hinh-LLM.webp\" alt=\"LLM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ung-dung-cua-mo-hinh-LLM.webp 768w, https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/ung-dung-cua-mo-hinh-LLM-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26485\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">LLM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, kinh doanh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Xu_huong_tuong_lai_cua_AI_va_mo_hinh_ngon_ngu_lon\"><\/span>6. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a AI v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"61_Cac_doi_moi_cong_nghe\"><\/span>6.1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c (multimodal), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 video. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 GPT-4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi AI theo c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>M\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 LLaMA c\u1ee7a Meta AI \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p><p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt &#8220;h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&#8221; (continual learning) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"62_Thach_thuc_va_co_hoi_trong_tuong_lai\"><\/span>6.2. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u1edbn, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u <a href=\"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/chuyen-van-ban-thanh-giong-noi\/thach-thuc-han-che\/\">th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/a>. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn (bias) trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p><p>Chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p><p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a LLM m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c AI, t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c AI v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Deloitte, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng AI d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 71% trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"63_Du_bao_phat_trien_cua_LLM\"><\/span>6.3. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a LLM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Trong 5-10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a cao \u0111\u1ed9, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng &#8220;hi\u1ec3u&#8221; \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n.<\/p><p>S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u AI s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Global Partnership on AI \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o AI ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p><p>Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Deloitte Insights, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng AI to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 190 t\u1ef7 USD, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng AI \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5.<\/p><h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Cac_cau_hoi_thuong_gap_ve_LLM\"><\/span>7. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u1ec1 LLM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"71_LLM_khac_gi_so_voi_cac_mo_hinh_AI_truyen_thong\"><\/span>7.1 LLM kh\u00e1c g\u00ec so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>LLM c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh AI c\u0169, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Transformer v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf self-attention. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, LLM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"72_Su_dung_LLM_co_ton_kem_khong\"><\/span>7.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LLM c\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Chi ph\u00ed ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 GPT-4 th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh to\u00e1n cao, trong khi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"73_Lam_the_nao_de_dam_bao_LLM_dua_ra_thong_tin_chinh_xac\"><\/span>7.3 L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o LLM \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p LLM v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng (fact-checking), ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"74_Co_rui_ro_bao_mat_khi_dung_LLM_khong\"><\/span>7.4 C\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt khi d\u00f9ng LLM kh\u00f4ng?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>C\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng khai, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ghi l\u1ea1i. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai ri\u00eang (on-premise) ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p><h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"75_Hoc_LLM_co_kho_khong_Ai_can_hoc_ve_LLM\"><\/span>7.5 H\u1ecdc LLM c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Ai c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 LLM?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 (l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kinh doanh, marketing hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean LLM.<\/p><p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, LLM kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1edbn \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh\u201d trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean s\u1ed1. Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u00ednh \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a, LLM h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LLM l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a AI hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf, kinh doanh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.1. LLM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?Large Language Model (LLM) hay M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":26481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chia-se"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26453"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26507,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26453\/revisions\/26507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vbee.vn\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}